Cause of irregular menstruation

 Most of the women in their life suffers from irregular menstruation. For that reason they sometimes worried about it. 

There have some certain cause of irregular menstruation. 

Hormonal fluctuation 

Weight change

Stress

Polycystic overy syndrome 

Pregnancy 

Puberty or perimenopause

Polyps and fibroids in uterine

1 to two year After puberty hormonal change causes in body. In that time menstruation may be irregular. 

Increased stress level in life increases cortisone in body that significantly causes irregular menstruation.

Weight loss or weight gain, excessive physical exercise may cause irregular menstruation. 

Moreover, stopping of menstruation indicates the chance of pregnancy. 

Change in thyroid level also changes menstruation period. 

Polycystec Overy syndrome, uterine change with polyp or fibroid also causes irregular menstruation.

Cause of dark skin color

 There have certain cause of dark skin. Skin pigmentation refers to body melanin production. The more melanin production express skin as darker. 

Epidermal layer of the skin produces two main types of melanin. These are eumelanin and pheomelanin.

Pheomelanin causes lighter skin but eumelanin causes dark skin.  

Moreover, eumelanin protects sunburn. 

Eumelanin have a beneficial effect on cancer prevention and body temperature regulation. 

The major cause of skin pigmentation is sunburn, certain medication,  genetics. 

Sun exposure increases melanin production. Melanin produces to defend UV radiation.  

Mechanism of melanin production 

UV ray exposure leads to form free radicals. Both activate biological agent that impacts on melanocytes to produce melanin.  

The enzyme tyrosinase transform into amino acid and tyrosine into melanin.

Cause of decreasing breast milk

 Though, Breast milk is a good option for child feeding in terms of economical benefit as well as avoiding different contamination chance in industrial milk, a significant number of women feels that breast supply is not sufficient. They feels decreased amount of breast milk is producing for her baby.  

In some case this situation turns into severe that mother have to go to doctor. 

Low breast milk supply badly impact on babies health. Causes nutrition deficiency, baby become tired during breast feeding, frequent crying for milk due to hunger. 

There have a group of cause of reducing breast milk. 

Anxiety and depression : Anxiety and depression is a major cause of breast milk supply. 

Stress during baby delivery is a significant cause of breast milk supply. Certain types of hormonal change like cortisone production due to lack of sleep to adjust with baby schedule causes decreased breast milk. Postpartum depression is another cause. 

Lacking of food supplement is another cause of decreased breast milk.

Babies intention of not to sucking also reduces breast milk production . 

Prevent aging and remain younger

 How you are looking like more elder than your elder brother or elder friend.  You may upset to see you on mirror reflection that your facial and body appearance getting change. Your skin and muscle becoming loosen.  But another person who is your neighbour looking younger who is exactly elder from you. 

Men and women in generally wants to be younger.  Everyone wants to prevent aging. But there have certain different. Some people places in opposite view. 

One of the major cause of getting elder is oxidative stress by oxygen free radicals. Anti oxidant can eliminate oxidative stress.

The food daily you consume you may find specific food rich with antioxidants. These food may help you eliminating oxidative stress and can prevent your aging.

Food like Barries,  green leafy vegetables , spices are rich in antioxidants that can neutralise free oxygen radicals and reduces oxidative stress.

Cardiovascular disease

 The all of the vascles and heart in body forms a system called cardiovascular system that involved blood circulation all through the body. This system is also called circulatory system. Pulmonary system is also link with cardiovascular system because it participate exchange of gas between lung and blood stream. 

Any disease in any parts or organ of circulatory system that restrict blood flow or irregular blood flow or abnormal blood flow is called cardiovascular disease. 

Infection in blood may be a disease of blood but may not termed as cardiovascular disease. On the other hand the abnormal sugar level in blood stream may term as diabetes melitus but it may not cardiovascular disease. Though, diabetes melitus can significantly increase the blood pressure and may cause acute hypertension. But yet it may not termed as cardiovascular disease. 

But any blood clot formed inside the wall of blood vessels, hypertension,  hypotension,  tachycardia, bradycardia, inflammation of heart, infection of heart or carditis, Myocardial infarction, Angina pectoris can be termed as cardiovascular disease. 

Cell

 Cell

How occurs stroke?

Stroke is a condition characterised as lacking of blood flow in brain cell. blocking of blood flow in brain cell when causes brain cell death of any portion of brain is called stroke. 

 Sometimes blood flow may blocked in brain for a little time left no cell damage is termed as TIA. TIA means transient Ischemic Attack. It may also characterised as mild stroke.

 Ischemic means lacking of Oxygen. To servive every cell required oxygen to perform metabolism. Blood perform gaseous exchange into cell. It carries oxygen into cell and pick up carbon dioxide from cell. Any restriction of blood flow toward Brain cell causes brain cell damage and cell death due to lackings of oxygen supply.

 There have certain cause that triggered stroke to happen. These are is as bellow,

 Atherosclerosis forms blood clot inside blood vessel that can block blood flow. 

 High blood pressure suddenly can cause blocking. 

 Diabetes melitus can causes blood clotting.

 Deep vein thrombosis may cause stroke, heart attack or pulmonary embolism.

 How to prevent stroke? 

 Stroke is preventable. avoiding red meat and fat is the primary action to prevent stroke. Though animals meat is the major source of protein and we required protein we need meat for a certain requirement such as omega 3 fatty acid. We need to prefer selective protein that contains less bad fat. Fish and fish oil should be better choice. Avis meat be a good choice. Egg can also provide protein with good nutrition. Research shows that daily physical exercise significantly reduces stroke incident.

Effect of Vitamin E for healthy hair

 Vitamin E have an antioxidant property. It is also a solvant of fat. For that reason it have some skin beneficial effect. 

Vitamin E improves blood flow in scalp. That provides nutrient to scalp, skin and hair. Reduces the damage of scalp cell. As a result reduces the damage of scalp hair follicles.

It ensures healthy hair. 

We know that agging problem is associated with free radical associated cell damage. Vitamin E restrict free radical associated damage of cell. 

It reduces the oxidative stress on scalp that is responsible to hair loss.  Hence, it reduces hair loss. 

How develops scars

 Scars is an area on skin formed by fibrous tissue.  Scars forming is a process of repairing of damage skin. 

For a certain cause scars may develop.These are injury,  burn, surgery, cutting of skin, any damage on skin.  It is a normal healing process of skin. It replaces the dead skin.  

Scars tissue and skin tissue have some basic difference. Scars tissue is not similar with natural skin or muscular tissue. Scar tissue is can not restrict ultraviolet radiation sufficiently like skin tissue. No hair follicles grows on scar tissue. Hence, sun burn is not safe with scar tissue. Function of scar tissue is also different. Due to myocardial infarction scar tissue develops in heart to repair damaged heart.  For that reason normal function of heart reduces and increases the chance of heart failure. 

There have several types of scar tissue in skin. Flat scars, raised scars. 

Hypertrophic scars raised from the skin. Keloid is the very severe form of scars. It is abnormallly big and raised and forms tumours. But tumours are benign and non cancerous growth. Mostly in dark skin people keloid scars are found. 

Prevention of cancer

 Cancer is a condition of abnormal cell division. According to research held by Stanford University Genetic mutation is the main cause of cancer development.

Cancer is one of the death causing disease worldwide. Incidence of cancer occurance increasing day by day. It is our challenge as healthcare professionals and researcher now a day to concern about cancer. 

If there any way to prevent cancer.  Increasing population different types of pollution, infections triggers cancer incidence. Mortality rate is very high about late diagnosed cancer. When cancer became metastasis the condition became uncontrollable. 

The common cancer in world is Breast cancer, Cervical cancer,  limphoma

Anxiety

 Anxiety is a neurological disorder that is opposite meanings of depression.

Anxiety is different from fear. Fear characterised emotional stress in response to threat. On the other hand anxiety is an emotional response to future anticipation. 

Anxiety in some case closely related to fear.  Fear of future threat may develop anxiety. It is a fight and flight response to future threat. 

Anxiety always accompanied with some nervous behavior. These are pacing back and forth and rumination and somatic complaint. 

Anxiety results by worry and uneasiness. It causes overactive behavior. 

Physical disorder accompanied with anxiety is fatigue, muscular tension, restlessness and concentration problem.

Within an appropriate time period someone faces a specific event anxiety may persist that is called anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorder is different from anxiety. Emotional stress persist more than 6 month characterised as anxiety disorder.

There have several types of anxiety 

Mathematical anxiety 

social anxiety 

Existential anxiety 

Somatic anxiety

Stage freight

 Atherosclerosis 

Atherosclerosis is a blood vessel disease characterised by forming plague in inner blood vessel wall. It resulted as narrowing of path of blood flow.

How atherosclerosis develops?

Mechanism of development of atherosclerosis is caused by platelets. Function of platelets is coagulation. In presence of certain risk factors RBC clogged by platelets. The risk factors includes diabetes, narrowing of blood vessels, low blood pressure, high cholesterol levels in blood. 

Risk of developing atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis or blood clot significantly develops hypertension. Any clots when develops it gradually started to bigger if it untreated. When it get more bigger it may block blood flow through blood vessel. 

We know that to functioning properly every cell in our body required oxygen for metabolism. RBC carries oxygen to cell.  Heart cell and brain cell also required oxygen. Improper supply of oxygen causes ischemic disease. When oxygen supply completely blocks to heart causes myocardial infarction or heart failure. When the blockage causes in brain cell it is called stroke. 

The basic difference of stroke and heart attack is stroke causes in brain and heart attack causes in heart. 

Sometimes in leg blood vessels may develop atherosclerosis that is called DVT.  DVT means deep vein thrombosis. DVT may cause life threatening pulmonary embolism. 

Improperly blood supply to ending parts of body like, finger may causes gangrene.

How to prevent atherosclerosis?

Best way to prevent atherosclerosis is physically being active. Physical exercise reduces the risk of developing atherosclerosis.

Pancreatic beta cell

 Euglycemia or normal blood sugar regulation is one of the proper functioning of pancreatic beta cell that ensure normal insulin secretion. 

In glucose homeostasis, beta cell have a significant role. Loss of insulin secretion capacity leads to hyperglycemia. 

For a certain cause, pancreatic beta cell may reduce insulin secretion.

Insulin resistance 

amyloid deposition 

Lipotoxicity

Mitochondrial dysfunction 

ER stress

Inflamation

In terms of type two diabetes, the number of beta cell is reduces.